Название: Eye Tracking and Visual Analytics
Автор: Michael Burch
Издательство: River Publishers
Год: 2022
Страниц: 382
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true)
Размер: 42.2 MB

Visualization and visual analytics are powerful concepts for exploring data from various application domains. The endless number of possible parameters and the many ways to combine visual variables as well as algorithms and interaction techniques create lots of possibilities for building such techniques and tools.

The major goal of those tools is to include the human users with their tasks at hand, their hypotheses, and research questions to provide ways to find solutions to their problems or at least to hint them in a certain direction to come closer to a problem solution. However, due to the sheer number of design variations, it is unclear which technique is suitable for those tasks at hand, requiring some kind of user evaluation to figure out how the human users perform while solving their tasks.

The technology of eye tracking has existed for a long time; however, it has only recently been applied to visualization and visual analytics as a means to provide insights to the users' visual attention behavior. This generates another kind of dataset that has a spatio-temporal nature and hence demands for advanced data science and visual analytics concepts to find insights into the recorded eye movement data, either as a post process or even in real-time.

This book describes aspects from the interdisciplinary field of visual analytics, but also discusses more general approaches from the field of visualization as well as algorithms and data handling. A major part of the book covers research on those aspects under the light and perspective of eye tracking, building synergy effects between both fields -- eye tracking and visual analytics -- in both directions, i.e. eye tracking applied to visual analytics and visual analytics applied to eye tracking data.

Powerful concepts for data analysis have been developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and more and more have also found their way to the field of eye tracking. The idea behind Artificial Intelligence is to mimic human intelligence as much as possible to include the power of the computer as a way of faster detecting solutions to challenging problems that the human alone could not find that quickly and the computer not that precisely. AI also includes fields like Machine Learning and Deep Learning, describing strategies to make the computer learn from given datasets to apply generated models from a training phase on new data elements, for example, to classify them or to predict future scenarios. The machine gets more and more experienced and is finally able to apply the computed rules to new situations. The learning can happen in different ways like supervised, semi-supervised, unsupervised, or as reinforcement. Multi-layered neural networks are often used to train, as a mechanism to perform complex tasks in larger and larger datasets to which eye tracking data also belongs. Although artificial intelligence has generated various fast, efficient, and quite accurate methods, the whole discipline is just about to start to take into account eye tracking data. The major reason is that the available eye tracking data today might still be too small to make reliable predictions based on artificial intelligence, using machine and deep learning approaches.

Technical topics discussed in the book include:

Visualization;
Visual Analytics;
User Evaluation;
Eye Tracking;
Eye Tracking Data Analytics;

Eye Tracking and Visual Analytics includes more than 500 references from the fields of visualization, visual analytics, user evaluation, eye tracking, and data science, all fields which have their roots in computer science.

Eye Tracking and Visual Analytics is written for researchers in both academia and industry, particularly newcomers starting their PhD, but also for PostDocs and professionals with a longer research history in one or more of the covered research fields. Moreover, it can be used to get an overview about one or more of the involved fields and to understand the interface and synergy effects between all of those fields. The book might even be used for teaching lectures in the fields of information visualization, visual analytics, and/or eye tracking.