Название: Neural Machines_A Defense of Non-Representationalism in Cognitive Neuroscience
Автор: Matej Kohar
Издательство: Springer
Год: 2023
Страниц: 199
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true), epub
Размер: 10.2 MB

In this book, Matej Kohar demonstrates how the new mechanistic account of explanation can be used to support a non-representationalist view of explanations in cognitive neuroscience, and therefore can bring new conceptual tools to the non-representationalist arsenal. Kohar focuses on the explanatory relevance of representational content in constitutive mechanistic explanations typical in cognitive neuroscience. The work significantly contributes to two areas of literature: 1) the debate between representationalism and non-representationalism, and 2) the literature on mechanistic explanation. The goal of cognitive neuroscience is to uncover neural mechanisms responsible for intelligent behaviour in humans and animals. Intelligent behaviour has traditionally been taken to include decision-making, use of language and other high-level cognitive phenomena. Over time, however, the scope of what is meant by intelligent behaviour for the purposes of determining the proper subject matter of cognitive sciences (including cognitive neuroscience) has expanded to include any context-dependent responses to stimuli. Cognitive neuroscience therefore engages in search for neural mechanisms underlying sensory perception, memory, navigation, object-recognition, tracking, avoidance, etc. That is, the scope of cognitive neuroscience covers the search for neural mechanisms all the way from sensory processing, through response selection to motor control.

Название: Numbercrunch: A Mathematician's Toolkit for Making Sense of Your World
Автор: Oliver Johnson
Издательство: Heligo Books
Год: 2023
Страниц: 368
Язык: английский
Формат: epub (true)
Размер: 10.2 MB

Our everyday lives are increasingly ruled by data and by algorithms. We can make ourselves understood by talking to Siri, and instantaneously receive almost professional-quality translations of foreign language text using Google Translate. Netflix can match our previous viewing to profiles of similar users, to recommend the next box set that we are most likely to get hooked on. However, it may be less obvious that this kind of ‘Artificial Intelligence’ or ‘Machine Learning’ emerged from mathematics and from statistics. These ideas have had a rebrand for the 21st century and been supercharged by ever-increasing computing power, but it’s always mathematics under the bonnet. These Silicon Valley marvels rely on ideas like the geometry of clouds of points in a world of millions of dimensions, techniques for finding structure and form in randomness and mathematically rigorous ways of dealing with vast amounts of data. Most people don’t know what a professional mathematician does all day. Perhaps they imagine that we are memorising harder and harder times tables (‘one 19,573 is 19,573, two 19,573s are 39,146’) or competing to see who can remember the most digits of pi. Maybe they imagine a dusty old man writing incomprehensible chalk equations full of Greek letters on a blackboard (and to be fair, this isn’t always so far wrong). Some of this is the mathematicians’ fault. We haven’t exactly gone out of our way to explain why what we do matters. This book is an attempt to redress that balance.

Название: Practical Time Series Analysis in Natural Sciences
Автор: Victor Privalsky
Издательство: Springer
Год: 2023
Страниц: 209
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true), epub
Размер: 20.08 MB

This book presents an easy-to-use tool for time series analysis and allows the user to concentrate upon studying time series properties rather than upon how to calculate the necessary estimates. The two attached programs provide, in one run of the program, a time and frequency domain description of scalar or multivariate time series approximated with a sequence of autoregressive models of increasing orders. The optimal orders are chosen by five order selection criteria. The results for scalar time series include time domain stochastic difference equations, spectral density estimates, predictability properties, and a forecast of scalar time series based upon the Kolmogorov-Wiener theory. For the bivariate and trivariate time series, the results contain a time domain description with multivariate stochastic difference equations, statistical predictability criterion, and information for calculating feedback and Granger causality properties in the bivariate case. The frequency domain information includes spectral densities, ordinary, multiple, and partial coherence functions, ordinary and multiple coherent spectra, gain, phase, and time lag factors. The programs seem to be unique and using them does not require professional knowledge of theory of random processes. The book contains many examples including three from engineering.

Название: Химические основы биологических процессов
Автор: Копылов А.М., Левашов А.В.
Издательство: М.: Изд. МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова Teach-in
Год: 2022
Формат: pdf
Страниц: 113
Размер: 24 mb
Язык: Русский

Курс лекций по химическим основам биологических процессов.

Название: Bornologies and Lipschitz Analysis
Автор: Gerald Beer
Издательство: CRC Press
Год: 2023
Страниц: 243
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true)
Размер: 10.2 MB

This monograph, for the first time in book form, considers the large structure of metric spaces as captured by bornologies: families of subsets that contain the singletons, that are stable under finite unions, and that are stable under taking subsets of its members. The largest bornology is the power set of the space and the smallest is the bornology of its finite subsets. Between these lie (among others) the metrically bounded subsets, the relatively compact subsets, the totally bounded subsets, and the Bourbaki bounded subsets. Classes of functions are intimately connected to various bornologies; e.g., (1) a function is locally Lipschitz if and only if its restriction to each relatively compact subset is Lipschitz; (2) a subset is Bourbaki bounded if and only if each uniformly continuous function on the space is bounded when restricted to the subset. A great deal of attention is given to the variational notions of strong uniform continuity and strong uniform convergence with respect to the members of a bornology, leading to the bornology of UC-subsets and UC-spaces. Spaces on which its uniformly continuous real-valued functions are stable under pointwise product are characterized in terms of the coincidence of the Bourbaki bounded subsets with a usually larger bornology.

Название: Bayesian Scientific Computing
Автор: Daniela Calvetti, Erkki Somersalo
Издательство: Springer
Серия: Applied Mathematical Sciences
Год: 2023
Страниц: 295
Язык: английский
Формат: pdf (true), epub
Размер: 38.1 MB

The once esoteric idea of embedding scientific computing into a probabilistic framework, mostly along the lines of the Bayesian paradigm, has recently enjoyed wide popularity and found its way into numerous applications. This book provides an insider's view of how to combine two mature fields, scientific computing and Bayesian inference, into a powerful language leveraging the capabilities of both components for computational efficiency, high resolution power and uncertainty quantification ability. The impact of Bayesian scientific computing has been particularly significant in the area of computational inverse problems where the data are often scarce or of low quality, but some characteristics of the unknown solution may be available a priori. The ability to combine the flexibility of the Bayesian probabilistic framework with efficient numerical methods has contributed to the popularity of Bayesian inversion, with the prior distribution being the counterpart of classical regularization. However, the interplay between Bayesian inference and numerical analysis is much richer than providing an alternative way to regularize inverse problems, as demonstrated by the discussion of time dependent problems, iterative methods, and sparsity promoting priors in this book. The quantification of uncertainty in computed solutions and model predictions is another area where Bayesian scientific computing plays a critical role. This book demonstrates that Bayesian inference and scientific computing have much more in common than what one may expect, and gradually builds a natural interface between these two areas.

Название: Сборник тестов по курсу Деньги, кредит, банки
Автор: Коваленко С.Б., Шулькова Н.Н.
Издательство: Финансы и статистика
Год: 2005
Формат: pdf
Страниц: 162
Размер: 10.2 Мб
Язык: русский

Сборник содержит 800 тестовых заданий, подготовленных по темам в соответствии с Государственным образовательным стандартом высшего профессионального образования. Тестовые задания предназначены для контроля знаний студентов, обучающихся по специальностям «Финансы и кредит», «Бухгалтерский учет, анализ и аудит», «Мировая экономика». Представлено четыре группы тестов: закрытые, открытые, на последовательность, на соответствие.

Название: Сборник кейсов и практических заданий по управленческим дисциплинам
Автор: Говорова А.В., Золотина О.А., Миракян А.Г., Суслова И.П., Щелокова С.В.
Издательство: М.: Экономический факультет МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова
Год: 2023
Формат: pdf/djvu
Страниц: 113
Размер: 12 mb
Язык: русский

Учебно-методическое пособие содержит специально подготовленную серию кейсов и практических заданий от компаний — партнеров учебно-научной лаборатории экономического факультета МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова «Проект МАХ»: AB InBev Efes, SBS Consulting, «Юнилевер Русь», ЭВЕРЕСТ, «МегаФон», «Ростелеком». Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для использования преподавателями управленческих дисциплин в образовательных учреждениях и является продолжением учебных пособий «Сборник кейсов и практических заданий по управленческим дисциплинам», выпущенных в 2020 и 2021 гг.

Название: Словцо, словечко, слово. Сборник упражнений по русскому языку. 5-7 классы
Автор: Рыжкова Елена А.
Издательство: БХВ
Год: 2012
Формат: pdf
Страниц: 247
Размер: 12.3 Мб
Язык: русский

Книга представляет собой сборник упражнений по основным разделам школьного курса русского языка в 5–7 классах, построенный на материале пословиц и произведений русской литературы, классической и современной. Кроме рассмотрения тем программы, формирования орфографических и пунктуационных навыков, книга тренирует внимание, развивает лингвистическое чутье.

Название: Сборник диктантов для начальных классов
Автор: Костенко Ф.Д.
Издательство: Просвещение
Год: 1972
Формат: pdf
Страниц: 242
Размер: 14.2 Мб
Язык: русский

Сборник диктантов составлен в соответствии с программой по русскому языку для начальных классов. В нем содержится материал для различного вида диктантов. Тексты диктантов составлены так, что помимо орфограмм, изученных по теме, дается материал для повторения ранее пройденного. По каждому году обучения даны тексты для повторения за год.