Название: The World of the Small Farmer: Tenure, Profit and Politics in the Early-Modern Somerset Levels
Автор: Croot P.
Издательство: University of Hertfordshire Press
Жанр: Культурология
Год издания: 2017
Страниц: 256
Язык: Английский
Формат: PDF, DJVU
Размер: 49 Мб

"Мир мелкого фермера: Собственность, доход и политика на Сомерсетских равнинах в раннее Новое время" Патриции Крут (издание на английском языке).

“Beautifully presented by University of Hertfordshire Press, this is another valuable addition to a very fine series on regional and local history. It is to be hoped Croot's substantial and significant archival work will now reach a much wider audience than before.” John Reeks, The Seventeenth Century

“This is a substantial, innovative and thought-provoking contribution to the history of agrarian development, regional history and the lives and choices of ordinary people in a decisive and tumultuous period of England's past.” Professor Henry French, University of Exeter

This detailed and original study of early-modern agrarian society in the Somerset Levels examines the small landholders in a group of sixteen contiguous parishes in the area known as Brent Marsh.

These were farmers with lifehold tenures and a mixed agricultural production whose activities and outlook are shown to be very different from that of the small 'peasant' farmers of so many general histories.

Patricia Croot challenges the idea that small farmers failed to contribute to the productivity and commercialisation of the early-modern economy.

While the emergence of large capitalist farms was an important development, these added to the production of existing small cultivators, rather than replacing them. The idea that only large-scale, specialized farmers were involved in agricultural progress, or that their contribution alone was enough to account for the great increase in food production by the late 17th century is questioned; small farmers continued to make a living, contributed to the market, and survived alongside the new, bigger farms.

Croot's in-depth study not only adds to our knowledge of agrarian society generally, but shows that far from being backward and interested primarily in subsistence farming, small producers in this area sought profit in making the best use of their resources, however limited, being flexible in their production and growing new or unusual crops. The main land tenures, copy and lease for lives, are also covered in detail, contributing to current debates on landholding and sub-tenancy.

The author shows the uses to which lifehold tenures could be put, resulting in the increasing financial strength of copyholders and their dominance in local society. The effects of the tenure and profits of farming can be seen in the way that families were provided for, as well as in the roles that women played and the responsibility they had in economic and social life, while the wider interests of the inhabitants are shown in their religious and political engagement in events of the 17th century.