Название: China in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: The Machine State
Автор: Łukasz Gacek
Издательство: Routledge
Год: 2027
Страниц: 284
Язык: английский
Формат: True PDF, True EPUB
Размер: 10.0 MB

China in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: The Machine State examines AI in China not simply as a technological development, but as part of a longer reflection on order, authority, and the role of technique in social life. Rather than treating AI as a neutral sector of innovation, the book situates it within cultural and political traditions that shape how technology is understood, regulated, and integrated into state projects.

Drawing on classical Chinese texts alongside contemporary policy documents and legal frameworks, the study shows how AI has been embedded in a model of modernization grounded in planning, coordination, and infrastructural scale. Data, computing power, and standards emerge as elements of state capacity rather than merely technical assets. The book also addresses tensions within this approach – between control and creativity, scale, and flexibility – and considers China’s efforts to shape global debates on AI governance, particularly through engagement with the United Nations and the Global South.

Introducing the concept of the “machine state,” the book offers a framework for understanding how governance increasingly operates through technical systems. It will interest scholars as well as policymakers and business actors seeking to interpret China’s technological strategy and its implications for global technology governance.

The book advances three central hypotheses. First, AI in China is best understood not as a purely contemporary phenomenon, but as a field shaped by recurring imaginaries of artificial agency that are articulated across discontinuous historical contexts, from pre-digital automata to contemporary algorithms and generative models. Second, the development of AI in China follows a logic of planning and harmony rather than one of spontaneous market competition, with regulation functioning as an integral component of social and technological order rather than as an external constraint. Third, AI has become a key instrument through which China is repositioning itself within the global technological hierarchy by fostering a partially autonomous ecosystem of governance, infrastructure, and standards.

DeepSeek has come to occupy a distinctive position in China’s Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) landscape – one that extends beyond engineering performance to questions of governance, openness, and global technological competition. To understand why this project carries such weight, it is necessary to situate it within the longer trajectory of artificial intelligence development. For decades, the development of artificial intelligence was driven by the refinement of predictive, classification, and decision-support models. A breakthrough of recent years has been GenAI: a technology that not only analyzes data but can also create text, images, code, music, and even conceptual prototypes. Recent advances in GenAI have expanded the functional scope of artificial intelligence from predictive and assistive applications toward systems that can generate text, images, code, and other forms of content. Generative models learn from vast datasets and synthesize new content from the patterns and contexts they identify. As a result, machines not only execute tasks but also participate in creative processes, supporting conceptual work. This stage of development is not only a technological breakthrough but also a socio-economic one. Rising costs of training closed, large-scale models and constraints on access (through licenses, paywalls, hardware) have made GenAI one of the most sensitive arenas of technological and geopolitical rivalry. Models such as GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini open up new possibilities, but they also raise questions about access, control, costs, security, and the global distribution of technological power.

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